The Italian writer Dante Alighieri can be evaluated as a poet who completed the so-called language of self-reference in his Divine Comedy. This paper aims to explain what the language of self-reference may mean and contribute to his poetic achievement. Dante’s language has a power to lead the reader to reflect it repeatedly so as to product connotative implications according to his or her social and historical contexts. This is the point where his language becomes ‘poetic’ and at the same time ‘ethical’. Dante’s journey to the world of after-life is made by his challenge of representing it through his own language, for which he tries to maintain his existential consciousness particularly with his own voice. His linguistic experiment starts from measuring up how his voice can be registered on his book with its scriptural form. For this, he strives to transform his language from the ineffability to the communicability by operating the potentiality of the poetic language. The issue of potentiality in Dante can be clarified by referring to Aristotle’s philosophy of ‘potential intellect’ on which Dante himself discussed in his Convivio and expressed in his Comedy; indeed he achieves “the consecrated poem”(Paradiso 23.62) by virtue of the incomplete yet potential creativity of human language.