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Dario Fo utilizes the genre of satirical play accompanied by caustic lampooning and laughter as the most effective means of criticizing the establishment and awakening the audience’s consciousness. Particularly, the role of “Maniac” and his play-acting in Morte accidentale di un anarchico turn out to be what Fo borrowed from the medieval and Renaissance-style dramatic techniques and recreated anew in a contemporary manner. Thus, this researcher explored two aspects found in this play: first, the role-playing of “giullare”, the medieval street performer adopted to maximize the play’s lampooning; second, the manifestations of the Renaissance techniques borrowed for dramatic vitality and comedic effects, of Commedia dell’Arte and “lazzi” as its laughter-provoking device.
First, the “Maniac”’s “roles of giullare” consists largely of six stages where totally five roles are performed by masterful play-acting (to be specific, by playing simultaneous crossover characters as well). Starting from a suspect, his acting goes through simultaneous double policemen, a judge, a forensic laboratory chief, a Vatican envoy(bishop), and back to the suspect. In this process occurs “lampooning the establishment” that enjoys all kinds of privileges and encourages the overall corruption in society, such as the police, the judiciary and judges in back-scratching relationship to the former, the governmental organizations in arts and culture, the capitalist haves and politicians, the clergymen and doctors utilizing authority and dependent on money and power, and the press instigating the public by distributing the establishment’s logics lopsidedly. Meanwhile, he does not stop here but never miss “lampooning the public” tamed and swayed by the establishment’s highly elaborate strategies and sensational images.
Second, the deployment of lampooning is not so much serious but causing side-splitting laughter, as it was found that the “improvisation” and “lazzi” ― which causes laughter ― characterizing Commedia dell’Arte appear all around. The Maniac acts impromptu whenever facing an unexpected situation as if he were already prepared for it, just like the Commedia dell’Arte actors who showed highly trained improvisations. The “Maniac” who immediately changes himself by switching between five roles as occasion demands throughout the deployment of the play turns out to be the seasoned impromptu actor proper. Whereas the Commedia dell’Arte actors played just one role for all their life given the challenge of impromptu acting, it is pointed out here with examples of scenes that the Maniac plays the roles of different characters simultaneously. Also, the “lazzi” of Commedia dell’Arte can be found wherever laughter is used to narrate serious incidents, as exemplified by the scenes treated here.