Herzog confines himself to an idealistic world, totally committed, through his intellectual research, to his ideal role of saving the modern man in his predicament. He is alienated from real life, and finally cuckolded by his wife and his closest friend. This failure in his private life leads him to a Jewish consciousnes of man and his world. His past Jewish family life is the source of the new consciousness, and he tries to restore his family relationships. In his effort to get out of his personal dilemma and reorganize his own family, he gradually understands the true meaning of human existence and its relatedness. Through this new understanding he comes to get a new vision of himself, and accept his responsibilites for his family and other people. The overall perspective of Bellow`s novels is essentially Jewish, particularly in its moral concern. He tries to combine the Jewish and the American to present an optimistic view of man and of the world for the salvation of Jews and Gentiles alike in the modem predicament. In Herzog, he adopts the Jewish consciousness of man and, emphasizing its humanistic moral aspect, develops it into a Jewish humanism.

We usually say that Eliot`s and Donne`s poetry have many similartities and interrelationships. The purpose of this dissertation is to show how Eliot`s and Donne`s poetry themes are gradually developed in their poetry. It also seeks to explore their similarities, their differences, and their interrelationships. The first part of Ⅱ illuminates the themes of Eliot`s early poems. The second part investigates the themes of Donne`s early poems and shows how Donne`s poetry is connected with his life and his family background. These two poets; early poems express alienation and a gap between the ideal and the real dwing to the situations caused by the development of civilization or by religious persecution. In conclusion, this dissertation contends that these two poets` themes have similarities and interrelationships. In modem poetry, Eliot is an epochal poet who opened a new period in thought and sensibility. At the time when he began to write poems, it was seventeenth century metaphysical poets who influenced him and aroused his interests. Eliot contributed to the rebirth of metaphysical poetry in the English poetry world.

The purpose of this study is to examine Ben Jonson`s Volpone by investigating the audience`s double attitude toward Volpone. The comedies of Ben Jonson, who was one of the neo-classisists, tend to be intellectual, analytical, and argumentative. These tendencies belong to the tradition of Aristophanes rather than that of Shakespeare. The former, therefore, tries to criticize, punish, and correct the social evil by laugher and satire while the latter tries to embrace and include the social follies. Furthermore, unlike his other comedies, Volpone is "sporting with human crimes" rather than "sporting with human follies." To achieve the didactic goal, Ben Jonson carefully manipulated the audience`s response by attracting and distracting toward the main character, Volpone. The audience is one of the most essential elements of theatre. The audience is not only the passive receiver, but also the active participant who has much influence on constructing the final meaning on the stage. Therefore, this study focuses on the double attitude of the audience. The audience of this play is attracted by Volpone`s intellectual superiority over the even more vicious clients and disgusted by his criminal deeds at the same time. Thus, in order to find their own way out and to laugh an intellectual laughter, the audience shouldn`t approach Volpone too closely, or distance him too far away. In other words, the comprehensive understanding of this drama requires the audience to keep proper and objective distance from Volpone.