This study focuses on the vowel insertion which is triggered by the interaction between morphology and phonology. This type of vowel epenthesis occurs when two derivational morphemes are concatenated creating the most common environment for a consonant deletion. Interestingly, however, the first derivational morpheme surrounded by consonants still survives in the output even though that morpheme is the least marked coronal place of articulation. Considering that the coronal is the least marked, the first derivational suffix should undergo deletion when flanked by consonants. We, however, argue that the first suffix with the coronal place does not undergo deletion because the derivational morpheme strongly resists deletion while a stem final segment is prone to deletion in English. As to the location of a vowel epenthesis, it is confined only to the right edge of a verb stem and right before the first suffix. This is achieved through the interaction of Contiguity-IO(DM) and Dep-IO. The constraint ranking proposed in the study can succinctly account for the relevant examples without additional conditions which were necessary for the previous rule-based approach. (Chonbuk National University)

The purpose of this paper is to be able to understand how to cope up and overcome traumatic experiences as an immigrant of a discordant country. Such countries whose citizens make a fine distinction and discriminating judgement between eastern and western society. Based on this award winning book by Thanhha Lai through a series of poems, a young girl chronicles the life-changing year of 1975, when she, her mother and brothers left Vietnam and resettled in Alabama, USA. The traumatic experiences started when Ha has to leave her native country where she have lived for 10 years of her life. The war has reached the city, escaping the bombs and away from the Viet Cong, Ha and her family must to get into a ship. A ship sailing towards the land of hope: USA. Ha, as one of the first young generation Asian immigrants, experiences post-migration living difficulties (PMLD) which were the biggest challenge. Those challenges includes: the long waiting for an American sponsor, language difficulties, bullying at school, unaccepted by the neighbors, changing their religion and belief for the sake of being welcomed by the community, food, finding a job, facing the racist, being abused, exploitation and many other difficulties. (Hannam University)

Ham Seduk borrowed quite a few dramatic techniques from J. M. Synge. Likewise, he was indebted to Henrik Ibsen in writing The Sea Swallow. It is certain that he was acquainted with Ibsen`s three plays: A Doll`s House, Ghosts, and The Lady from the Sea. He did not, however, use those three plays evenly and equally. He imitated freely Ibsen`s style of handling background, characters, storyline, and stage props from The Lady from the Sea, of which he made the most use among the three plays. He took over a couple of motifs from Ghosts: a revolting daughter and half-sibling lovers. He might have considered using Nora`s theme for The Sea Swallow, but it is not clear whether Ham depicted the women`s issues in his play as Ibsen did in A Doll`s House. His contact with European literature made his dramaturgy quite skillful, which asks for more academic attention. (Jeonju University)

Metaphor use is identified by conceptual variation that can be explained in relation to culture-specific discourse traditions. Through the cultural linguistic analysis, this study examines Korean culture-specific conceptual metaphors and argues that the Korean language use embodies the underlying culturally loaded conceptualizations. By providing three Korean culture-specific conceptual bodily organ metaphors such as heart, face, and liver, this study discusses the importance of cultural conceptualizations behind linguistic expression in both L1 acquisition and L2 learning. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the Korean bodily organ metaphors are culturally loaded and conceptualized, therefore, can be differently understood among the speakers across cultures and languages. This study demonstrates the cultural relativity which puts in doubt traditional assumptions about metaphor use and argues that L2 learning is likely to involve confronting new systems of cultural conceptualization. It concludes with a discussion of the implications of intercultural conceptual fluency and metaphorical competence of L2 learning within the framework of cultural linguistics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course on the motivation of English learning for undergraduate dental hygiene students. Questionnaires from 112 undergraduate level dental hygiene majors were distributed before and after one semester of an ESP course. Prior to the class, a needs analysis revealed that there was a want and need to learn hospital-communicative language skills and dental-related terminology. At the end of the course, the same target students indicated a higher level of interest and motivation in English learning than they did with TOEIC classes. Intermediate-level students expressed a much higher level of satisfaction in comparison to beginner-level students. The level of confidence was also improved, especially, for intermediate-level students after taking an ESP class. A majority of the students indicated the desire to take more ESP classes while only 4.5% of the students wanted to take TOEIC courses in the future. Among the four motivations, the students answered instrumental motivation as the main reason for studying English. However, intrinsic motivation was relatively high among more proficient students and the students who took part in the overseas training program. Students who have taken part in the overseas programs expressed integrative motivation to be equally important as instrumental motivation. (Chungnam National University)