This thesis explores Alice Monroe's discourse on difference. Monroe discourses about individual difference, not the discrimination of a specific group like sexism and racism. The issue of Monroe's difference is unfolded within a framework that combines the characteristics of realist narrative techniques, postmodernism techniques, and post-postmodernism. Monroe sees difference as the identity of each individual. She also sees difference as a special value that brightens the individual. Therefore, when an individual loses the uniqueness and becomes common, (s)he loses his or her own color and charm. Each human being has the right to lead a life autonomously and subjectively while showing difference. However, the individual's selfish desire, the conventional society centered on logos, and the trend of capitalism undermine the difference and sacrifice others. Monroe believes that individuals live their own life only when they are different. When each other accepts and respects individuals as they are, values as diverse as the number of human individuals can shine in a community. Monroe shows this discourse through the thoughts and actions of three different main characters. (Hannam University)

Park, Jin-Sook. “Death and Resurrection in The Penelopiad: Focusing on the Representation of Heterotopia.” Modern Studies in English Language & Literature 64.4 (2020): 25-49. The purpose of this paper is to examine death and resurrection in Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad from the representational standpoint of heterotopia. Heterotopias, a concept articulated by Foucault, are “actually realized utopian spaces” - that is, ‘hetero-’, different spaces or counter-sites in a kind of both mythical and real contestation of the place in which we live, as all the other real arrangements that can be found within society. Penelope and twelve maids are making their own stories in Hades, the space of death and a counter-site as a heteropia. They are alternately weaving and unweaving shrouds. It shows the weavers’ power of destruction (unravelling) and creation (reweaving), metaphorically. To resurrect women’s own lives, they also perform a ‘ritual’ that looks back at their traumatic memories, and represent them in chorus on the ‘stage’ with dances, a lecture, a court trial and several types of songs. Death and resurrection are pivotal subjects in this work. Death serves as an equalizer, eliminating class or gender differences between maid servants, Penelope and Odysseus. Even though Penelope regards the twelve maids with deep sympathy, she is unable or unwilling to rescue them from death in the end. She even participates in the awful mass execution indirectly. However, it is a painful choice for Penelope to survive and it represents her reality as a woman symbolically. (Namseoul University).

This paper examines literary texts through lens of cyberfeminism. To do that, it first explains the definition of digital literature and help to understand the wide range of new literary genres which can only be read and written on digital media. Second, the paper traces down the historical meanings of cyberfeminism that emerged in late 1980s and advocated female experiences in the digital era through female authors’ texts. In the last chapter, the paper closely analyzes the digital literary works of YHCHI which consists of a duo, Korean woman poet and media artist, Young-Hae Chang and her American partner, Marc Vorge. It focuses on their unique qualities that set them apart from those of her western counterparts in the 1990’s in terms of both contents and forms. By doing so, this research aims at helping understand how digital literary texts can properly reflect the 21st new cyber environment and generate literature forms that fit the current digitized society. (Chungnam National University)

Neil Simon is an American writer who focuses on the American middle class and put the life of American family on the stage by combining various events. The series of plots Simon describes are not dark or heavy events. Since it is filled with familiar things related to the so-called family that we can experience at any time in our daily life, it is very close to the real life. The characteristics of his plays that the artist creates contain laughter and humor surely everywhere. The reason why he has written plays with laughter and humor is based on his own experiences to overcome the pain and sorrow of that era and the desperate realities. The author reproduces hardship and adversity as a play within the framework of our life and the closest family, and at the same time concludes that laughter is the best way to alleviate pain. Through this laughter, audiences experience Pathos like an emotion of sadness, pain, and sorrow, as well as simple joy. Pathos means maximizing the emotions they feel by stimulating the emotion of the audience. This is the characteristic of black comedy and the proper harmony of tragedy and comedy in Neil Simon's works. (Daejeon Institute of Science & Technology)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the usage of indirect speech act in English and Korean through a questionnaire. Although all the language expressions we use in our daily life are speech act, the meanings conveyed can vary depending on the speaker's expression or the listener's understanding. Differences in language of the time, social, and culture will naturally exist, but it can be predicted that language differences between generations in one culture will further accelerate. Direct speech act can be easily accepted in any language, but indirect speech act is difficult to understand because of habits and customs arising from social and cultural differences. In recent years, it can be considered that the meaning of indirect speech act brought about by generational differences is accelerating more than ever. As the survey results show, they are well aware of the speech act, but if they go to the sub-classification of direct speech act and indirect speech act, they tend to feel difficult to understand. The expressions of indirect speech act in English and Korean are frequently used in the form of questions, statements, and commands, and in the order of frequency, the order of question, statement, and command was followed. In conclusion, we examined the meaning, usage, and degree of use of indirect speech act in English and Korean, and investigated how to pay attention in using indirect speech act in the future through a survey. The students who responded to the questionnaire are students majoring in English, so the same answer to the question about the ease of use and understanding of indirect speech act is that they use the same expressions of indirect speech act in both languages, whether consciously or unconsciously. However, there may be a slight difference between expression and frequency. (Jeju National University)

This study investigates the effectiveness of podcasts for teaching English poetry to pre-service teachers and explores its impact on their teaching competencies regarding understanding poetry and instructional design. A total of 34 pre-service teachers participated in the 10-week study in A university in Korea. Podcasts in a flipped learning environment are used to enable individual learning and foster learner autonomy. Mixed data from the questionnaire and the participants’ poem analysis tasks were collected to investigate the cognitive aspects of using podcasts. The results are as follows. First, the participants’ competency in understanding poetry increased, specifically regarding format, linguistic elements, background information, rhetorical devices, and meaning. Second, for instructional design, process, and language skills were found initially; however, as the study progressed, systematic features like context, learner characteristics, and lesson objectives were observed. Lastly, both competencies showed significant improvements. Suggestions on using podcasts as a teaching tool to enhance pre-service teachers’ teaching competencies are provided. It is hoped that this study sheds light on using technology to promote effective teaching and learning of English poetry. (Mokwon University·Baekseok University)

Peter Pan and Wendy is a psychological fantasy for the children who undergo their growth and developmental stages. Through the psychological fantasy, children learn how to heal their mind by overcoming the inner pains, worries and anxieties; they frequently experience these feelings, while they are growing up. In Peter Pan and Wendy, Wendy creates a psychological fantasy to overcome her trauma by stitching her lost shadow and her mirror image of Peter Pan into one imaginary agent. As an imaginary agent, Peter Pan acts as ‘object a’ ultimately to fulfill Wendy’s unconscious desire. The symbolic content of the death of a ‘bad father’ is analyzed to show the inner process of how Wendy’s anxiety and trauma is relieved. In fact her pains and troubles are afflicted by her ‘bad father.’ While exposing the inner structure of her fantasy, the ‘bad father’ is identified through the mechanism of ‘the returning of the oppressed.’ The death of ‘bad father’ or the death of Captain Hook by Peter Pan is the essential part of healing process of Wendy's mind to be reborn as a social being. (Hannam University)

This article discusses the subjectivity of the body in Jeanette Winterson's novel Written on the Body(1992). Also, this study shows how the relationship between human beings, the exchange of emotions, and communication are practiced as a “body.” Through the act of eating, the characters in the work shows the process of recognizing the existence of oneself and others. And excretion is present as an effective means of facing the real world, and the senses are not reprocessed by language or thought but portrayed as a frank body experience. According to this work, the body precedes consciousness in human terms and helps consciousness survive in practical terms. Why Should the body be the tool to recognize others? Winterson seems to be questioning about this question as ‘How can I feel that my self is alive without my body?’ Winterson emphasis that it is only possible to recognize the self when the body is in any activity such as eating, excretion and experiencing the sense. Winterson shows that how the human body sees and interprets the world through this work which treats the body as the protagonist. (Daejeon Institute of Science & Technology)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships of college students′ beliefs, motivations and strategies on English learning. For the purpose, this study focuses on first, the aspect of the correlation among the three variables, second, the aspect of the correlation among the subcategories of the variables, third, the aspect of the cause and effect relation. The findings of this study are as follows: First, all the variables have influence one another, among which the correlation between learning beliefs and motivations is the highest. Second, most of the sub-elements in learning beliefs, motivations and strategies have correlation with a few exceptions. Third, the cause and effect relation indicates that students’ beliefs have more influence on motivations than strategies do. Meanwhile, motivations have some impact on using strategies, but no meaningful influence is observed between beliefs and strategies. Lastly, learning motivations influence learning beliefs to some extent whereas the use of learning strategies has nothing to do with students’ beliefs on learning (Mokwon University).

This essay explores Leigh Hunt’s Hampstead Cottage in terms of Henri Lefèbvre’s notion of social space in order to examine Hunt’s social and personal culture within the context of the Romantic visual culture. It is true that Hunt’s Hampstead Cottage has been understood as a place for aspirational Cockneys to indulge in the aristocratic aesthetic pursuit offered by the radical host, Hunt. However, by paying special attention to the interior of the cottage in relation to Lefèbvre’s theoretical perspective, this essay attempts to examine Hunt’s personal culture rather than his circle culture of the Cockney School. First, it argues that the domesticated reproductions of art at Hampstead Cottage reflects Hunt’s spatial practices, such as rambling and shopping and, in a broader sense, represents outside artistic spectacles, rather than only decorating the house as simple material products. Subsequently, it turns to examine that Hunt’s artistic decoration at Hampstead Cottage is not merely a question of the formation of his personal sphere in relation to the unavoidable connection with commercial public place, but also considers his desire to overlap the physical surface with his artistic inclination derived from his childhood memories. Although this essay has limitations in understanding the significance of Hunt and his Hampstead Cottage fully and completely, at least we can move away from Cockneysm, which has been an inevitable conventional frame of reading Hunt. (Chosun University)