Online learning engagement is a network application that places the homepage and related materials of a course on the Web to form a shared virtual learning space, so as to achieve a face-to-face(FTF) learning effect. Based on the studies published from 2000 to 2020 in influential international and Chinese journals in the field of online learning engagement including the core databases of Web of Science, this paper conducts co-citation and co-occurrence analysis of the literature, subjects, and keywords with the use of CiteSpace. In other words, the study tries to draw the knowledge map of the international research in the field in comparison with China by using CiteSpace which is a software designed to analyze existing literature by co-citation networks. The researchers aimed to reveal the general situation and development trends of the research on online learning engagement. It was found that the number of publications in the field increased and the numbers are given according to year. The most cited journals and articles are revealed. The paper is concluded with some implications for future related research. (Hoseo University)

It is important to explore the British literature in the Romantic era, while appreciating its close relationship with the daily press and periodical publications. This paper aims to examine the interrelationship between the Romantic literature - especially the genre of verse - and daily press, which was published in London at that time. In this paper I would like to focus on the conservative and patriotic language shown in three publications issued in London, the British Critic, the Sun and the True Briton. Based upon the discussions about the language of the three publications, the British Critic, the Sun and the True Briton, I would like to explore contemporary poetry’s fruitful sharing of patriotic sentiments with those journalistic organs. In doing so, I will read James Thomson’s important verse, which is titled “Rule, Britannia” for the better understanding of British Romanticism. This paper treats the conservative tones of “Rule, Britannia” and the journalistic publications mentioned above. (Jeonbuk National University)

Muriel Spark's many novels are about limited and oppressed human life, and often show attempts to rise above death while recognizing it. Also, she warns that in the postmodern society where technology and materialism prevail, the bond of evil between humans and society is becoming stronger. Muriel Spark believes that human evil in system society is caused by passive conformity to social structure and that unconditional adaption to religious doctrine without awareness can lead to the egomaniac totalitarian obsession. The author's conversion to Catholicism in 1954 greatly influenced her art world by introducing a holistic view and the prolepsis of the novel. For her, Job's ordeal reflects the evil structure of modern society, and Job's salvation is an ironic blessing rather than the salvation Job expected. In her postmodern faith, the self-reflective troubled identifies are often expressed as the form of quirks and they constantly collide with others under the fear of death. However, it is balanced in the form of art by the holistic view of religion, and by this Cosmic Person, the ethics of engagement and empathy is ironically blessed. (Myungji Callege)

After publishing her Letters Written in France (1790), Helen Maria Williams planned to travel to France again, for two years. Given the timing of her proposed trip, in a period when England had increasing concerns about, and was generally hostile to, the situation in France, she would have been keenly aware of the risks involved in a two-year trip there. Coupled with her support for the French Revolution, her long stay in France would have increased suspicions about her loyalty to England. This essay argues that Williams uses her poem A Farewell, for Two Years, to England (1791) to demonstrate her love of England and, at the same time, to defend herself against the criticisms of her sympathy for French liberty. This essay examines what makes Williams compose a poem before her trip to France by describing the changing social context of that period. By exploring Anna Seward’s shifting responses to the events in France and studying a review in the Gentleman’s Magazine of Letters, this paper reveals the criticisms that Williams would have faced. It then examines her strategies to demonstrate her loyalty to England and, at the same time, to present her support of French liberty in the poem. (Dongguk University)

This article uses Nora Okja Keller’s novel Comfort Woman to examine the ways in which wartime sexual violence inflicted upon young sex slaves by Japanese soldiers near the end of World War II devastated the victims’ mentality and caused them to suffer from a variety of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The article focuses on the psychological trauma of the protagonist Soon Hyo, a Korean woman who was forced into sexual slavery and given the name “Akiko” in a Japanese “recreation center” from age 12 to 14. Painful memories, especially the abortion of her first baby without anesthesia by a Japanese medic, and the brutal murder of another sex slave named Induk, deeply disturb Soon Hyo in her sexual life with her American and missionary husband, Richard Bradley as well as in the process of conceiving, delivering, and raising her daughter, Beccah. Guilt for failing to bury Induk’s cruelly discarded corpse and sexual shame from being repeatedly gang-raped incessantly torture the adult Soon Hyo and prevent her from having a normal married life. In the end, Soon Hyo shows various symptoms of PTSD, including flashbacks, nightmarish daydreams, nightmares, and even hallucinations of haunting visions of Induk and women ancestors. Soon Hyo’s case indicates that the PTSD affecting women who have been sexually abused particularly in a wartime setting, requires a timely medical treatment with a multifaceted approach, considering cultural and sociopolitical factors. (Chosun University)